Abstract

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has not yet been included in national immunization programs in many low- and middle-income countries, including Türkiye. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) are a priority group for vaccination due to their heightened susceptibility to persistent HPV infection and HPV-related cancers. Identifying barriers to vaccination is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study between April and July 2024 among PLWH receiving care at a tertiary training and research hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, HPV knowledge, vaccination history, and attitudes. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HPV knowledge and vaccine uptake.

Results

A total of 120 individuals participated: 92.5% (n = 111) were male, 6.7% (n = 8) female, and 0.8% (n = 1) transgender. The mean age was 34.6 years. Overall, 60.0% (n = 72) reported awareness of HPV, but only 12.5% (n = 15) had received at least one vaccine dose. Among those aware of HPV, uptake was 18.1%. Vaccination was significantly higher among participants with a previous HPV infection (25.0%, p < 0.05) and those informed by physicians (45.8%, p < 0.001). Among unvaccinated participants, 48.8% (n = 51) indicated they would accept the vaccine only if it were provided free of charge. Higher education level, younger age, and nonheterosexual orientation were significantly associated with greater HPV knowledge.

Conclusion

Despite moderate awareness, HPV vaccination coverage among PLWH in Türkiye remains unacceptably low, primarily due to economic and informational barriers. Expanding cost-free vaccination programs and reinforcing physician recommendations are critical to improving vaccine uptake and reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases in this high-risk population.