Sağlık Çalışanlarında İnfluenza Aşısı Kabulünü Etkileyen Faktörler
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ARAŞTIRMA
CİLT: 15 SAYI: 1
P: 336 - 345
Ocak 2026

Sağlık Çalışanlarında İnfluenza Aşısı Kabulünü Etkileyen Faktörler

Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2026;15(1):336-345
Bilgi mevcut değil.
Bilgi mevcut değil
Alındığı Tarih: 11.07.2026
Kabul Tarihi: 10.09.2026
Online Tarih: 26.10.2026
Yayın Tarihi: 26.10.2026
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Öz

Amaç

Bu çalışmanın amacı, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının mevsimsel influenza aşısına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemek ve aşılanma kararlarının psikolojik öncüllerini “Aşılanmanın Psikolojik Öncülleri (5C)” modeli çerçevesinde incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler

Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, bir il sağlık müdürlüğüne bağlı birinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında görev yapan 181 sağlık çalışanı ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler; sosyodemografik özellikler, influenza aşısına ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlar ile yedili Likert tipi 5C ölçeği’ni içeren yapılandırılmış bir anket ile toplanmıştır. Geçmiş sezonlarda en az bir kez aşılananlar hiç aşılanmayanlarla karşılaştırılmış, aynı özellikler 2025-2026 sezonundaki aşılanma durumuna göre de değerlendirilmiştir. Tek değişkenli analizlerde anlamlı bulunan değişkenler çok değişkenli ikili lojistik regresyon modeline alınmıştır.

Bulgular

Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 38,1 ± 7,2 yıl olup %75,1’i kadındır. Katılımcıların %33,1’i en az bir kez influenza aşısı yaptırmış, 2025-2026 sezonunda aşılanma oranı ise yalnızca %16,6 olarak saptanmıştır. En az bir kez aşılananlarda kolektif sorumluluk puanı hiç aşılanmayanlara göre daha yüksek (p = 0,045); içinde bulunulan sezonda aşılananlarda ise kısıtlılık puanı daha düşük (p = 0,006) ve hesaplama puanı daha yüksek (p = 0,030) bulunmuştur. Meslek grupları arasında güven, kayıtsızlık, kısıtlılık ve kolektif sorumluluk alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (sırasıyla p = 0,002, p < 0,001, p = 0,002 ve p = 0,022). Çok değişkenli analizde influenza aşısı önermek [düzeltilmiş olasılık oranı (OR): 7,677; %95 güven aralığı (GA), 3,024-19,490; p < 0,001], kadın cinsiyet (düzeltilmiş OR: 2,852; %95 GA, 1,115-7,296; p = 0,029) ve hekim olmak (düzeltilmiş OR: 2,904; %95 GA, 1,160-7,272; p = 0,023) en az bir kez influenza aşısı yaptırmış olma ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulunmuştur.

Sonuç

Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarında influenza aşılanma oranları düşüktür. Aşılanma; aşıyı başkalarına önerme, kadın cinsiyet, hekim olmak ve daha yüksek kolektif sorumluluk ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Psikolojik ve davranışsal belirleyicilerin yanı sıra uygulamadaki engelleri de ele alan ve kolektif sorumluluğu güçlendiren çok bileşenli müdahalelere ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:
İnfluenza aşıları, sağlık personeli, aşı kararsızlığı, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri, sağlık personelinin tutumu

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