1Koziel MJ, Peters MG. Viral hepatitis in HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1445-54.
2Feld JJ, Ocama P, Ronald A. The liver in HIV in Africa. Antivir Ther. 2005;10:953-65.
3Raimondo G, Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Squadrito G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2007;46:160-70.
4Konopnicki D, Mocroft A, de Wit S, Antunes F, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, Zilmer K, Vella S, Kirk O, Lundgren JD, Euro SG. Hepatitis B and HIV: prevalence, AIDS progression, response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased mortality in the EuroSIDA cohort. AIDS. 2005;19:593- 601.
5Weber R, Sabin CA, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, El-Sadr WM, Kirk O, Dabis F, Law MG, Pradier C, De Wit S, Akerlund B, Calvo G, Monforte A, Rickenbach M, Ledergerber B, Phillips AN, Lundgren JD. Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1632-41.
6Thio CL, Smeaton L, Saulynas M, Hwang H, Saravanan S, Kulkarni S, Hakim J, Nyirenda M, Iqbal HS, Lalloo UG, Mehta AS, Hollabaugh K, Campbell TB, Lockman S, Currier JS. Characterization of HIV-HBV coinfection in a multinational HIV-infected cohort. AIDS. 2013;27:191-201.
7Thio CL, Seaberg EC, Skolasky R Jr., Phair J, Visscher B, Munoz A, Thomas DL, Multicenter ACS. HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS). Lancet. 2002;360:1921-6.
8Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Astemborski J, Galai N, Washington J, Higgins Y, Balagopal A, Thomas DL. HIV, age, and the severity of hepatitis C virusrelated liver disease: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:658-66.
9Puoti M, Airoldi M, Bruno R, Zanini B, Spinetti A, Pezzoli C, Patroni A, Castelli F, Sacchi P, Filice G, Carosi G. Hepatitis B virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. AIDS Rev. 2002;4:27-35.
10Patassi A, Benaboud S, Landoh DE, Salou M, Dagnra AC, Saka B, Krivine A, Meritet JF, Pitche P, Salmon-Ceron D. Hepatitis B infection in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Lome, Togo: Prevalence and molecular consequences. S Afr Med J. 2016;106:634-9.
11Kellerman SE, Hanson DL, McNaghten AD, Fleming PL. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:571-7.
12Sulkowski MS. Viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection. J Hepatol. 2008;48:353-67.
13Karaosmanoglu HK, Aydın OA, İnce ER, Nazlıcan Ö. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Patients with HIV/AIDS. Viral Hepatit Dergisi. 2009;14:53-6.
14Matthews GV, Avihingsanon A, Lewin SR, Amin J, Rerknimitr R, Petcharapirat P, Marks P, Sasadeusz J, Cooper DA, Bowden S, Locarnini S, Ruxrungtham K, Dore GJ. A randomized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV/ HBV coinfected antiretroviral naive individuals in Thailand. Hepatology. 2008;48:1062-9.
15Kosi L, Reiberger T, Payer BA, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Strassl R, Rieger A, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Five-year on-treatment efficacy of lamivudine-, tenofovir- and tenofovir + emtricitabine-based HAART in HBV-HIVcoinfected patients. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19:801-10.
16Sherman KE, Rouster SD, Chung RT, Rajicic N. Hepatitis C Virus prevalence among patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a crosssectional analysis of the US adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:831-7.
17Alberti A, Clumeck N, Collins S, Gerlich W, Lundgren J, Palu G, Reiss P, Thiebaut R, Weiland O, Yazdanpanah Y, Zeuzem S, European Consensus Conference Jury. Short statement of the first European Consensus Conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV coinfected patients. J Hepatol. 2005;42:615-24.
18Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL. Hepatitis C in the HIV-Infected Person. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:197-207.
19Cotte L, Chevallier Queyron P, Schlienger I, Trabaud MA, Brochier C, Andre P, Zoulim F. Sexually transmitted HCV infection and reinfection in HIVinfected homosexual men. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009;33:977-80.
20Ghosn J, Thibault V, Delaugerre C, Fontaine H, Lortholary O, Rouzioux C, Pol S, Chaix ML. Sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus superinfection in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2008;22:658-61.
21van de Laar TJ, van der Bij AK, Prins M, Bruisten SM, Brinkman K, Ruys TA, van der Meer JT, de Vries HJ, Mulder JW, van Agtmael M, Jurriaans S, Wolthers KC, Coutinho RA. Increase in HCV incidence among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam most likely caused by sexual transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:230-8.
22Bica I, McGovern B, Dhar R, Stone D, McGowan K, Scheib R, Snydman DR. Increasing mortality due to end-stage liver disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:492-7.
23Thomas DL, Astemborski J, Rai RM, Anania FA, Schaeffer M, Galai N, Nolt K, Nelson KE, Strathdee SA, Johnson L, Laeyendecker O, Boitnott J, Wilson LE, Vlahov D. The natural history of hepatitis C virus infection: host, viral, and environmental factors. JAMA. 2000;284:450-6.
24Shafran SD. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy: the current best way to reduce liver-related deaths in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44:551-6.
25Wit FW, Weverling GJ, Weel J, Jurriaans S, Lange JM. Incidence of and risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral combination therapy. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:23-31.
26Avidan NU, Goldstein D, Rozenberg L, McLaughlin M, Ferenci P, Masur H, Buti M, Fauci AS, Polis MA, Kottilil S. Hepatitis C viral kinetics during treatment with peg IFN-alpha-2b in HIV/HCV coinfected patients as a function of baseline CD4+ T-cell counts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52:452-8.
27Soriano V, Puoti M, Sulkowski M, Cargnel A, Benhamou Y, Peters M, Mauss S, Brau N, Hatzakis A, Pol S, Rockstroh J. Care of patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus: 2007 updated recommendations from the HCV-HIV International Panel. AIDS. 2007;21:1073-89.
28Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, Workowski K, Ruane P, Towner WJ, Marks K, Luetkemeyer A, Baden RP, Sax PE, Gane E, Santana-Bagur J, Stamm LM, Yang JC, German P, Dvory-Sobol H, Ni L, Pang PS, McHutchison JG, Stedman CA, Morales-Ramirez JO, Brau N, Jayaweera D, Colson AE, Tebas P, Wong DK, Dieterich D, Sulkowski M, Investigators ION. Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for HCV in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:705-13.