Öz
Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) Bunyaviridae ailesi, Nairovirus cinsine mensup KKKA virüsü tarafından oluşturulan kene kaynaklı zoonotik bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Bulaş, başlıca Ixodidae ailesinden Hyalomma marginatum başta olmak üzere Hyalomma cinsi kenelerle temas sonucu oluşur. Bunun yanında nozokomiyal, laboratuvar kaynaklı bulaş ve seyahat ilişkili olgular da bildirilmiştir. Viremik dönemdeki hayvanların kan ve enfekte ürünleri ile temas diğer bulaş yollarındandır. Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi ilk olarak 1944 yılında eski Sovyetler Birliği"nde Kırım yarımadasında tanımlanmıştır. Türkiye"de ise 2002 yılında hastalığın farkına varılmış ve 2003 yılında laboratuvar konfirme ilk olgu bildirilmiştir. Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi görüldüğü tarihten günümüze kadar Asya, Orta Doğu, Avrupa ve Afrika"da 30"dan fazla ülkede bildirilmiştir. Hastalık ateş, kas ve eklem ağrısı, trombositopeni, karaciğer ve kas enzimlerinde yükselme, ciddi olgularda kanama ve şok ile karakterizedir. Olgu-fatalite oranı %5-80 arasında bildirilmiş olmakla birlikte Türkiye için bu oran ortalama olarak %5"tir. Günümüzde hastalığa özgü etkin bir tedavi ve güvenli bir aşı bulunmamaktadır. Geniş coğrafik dağılımı ve ölümcül olabilmesi nedeni ile KKKA, ülkemizin de içerisinde bulunduğu endemik bölgelerde önemli bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi, viral hemorajik ateş, kene kaynaklı virüs, ribavirin, hiperimmün serum
Kaynakça
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