Öz
Hantavirüs, Bunyaviridae ailesinin Hantavirus genusunda yer alan üç segmentli, negatif polariteli RNA genomuna sahip olan zarflı bir virüstür. İnsanlarda neden olduğu enfeksiyonlar; "Hantavirüs renal sendromla seyreden kanamalı ateş" ve "Hantavirüs kardiyopulmoner sendrom" olarak bilinen iki farklı klinik şekilde görülmektedir. Vasküler endotelyal fonksiyon bozukluğu patogenezdeki temel mekanizma olup; virüse ait özellikler ile birlikte konağa ait immünogenetik faktörlerin birlikte rol aldığı düşünülmektedir. Hastalıkta erken tanı ve uygun destek tedavisinin verilmesi mortalitenin önlenmesinde etkilidir. Gerekli sıvı-elektrolit desteğinin sağlanması, renal replasman, oksijen desteği, kan basıncı regülasyonu, kan veya kan ürünü desteğinin sağlanması destek tedavisinin ana unsurlarıdır. Spesifik tedavide ribavirinin kullanımı tartışmalı olmakla birlikte, bazı çalışmalarda özellikle oligürik fazda kullanımı yararlı görülmektedir. Favipiravir ve icatibant tedavide etkili bulunan diğer ilaçlar olup, αvβ3 integrinleri inhibe eden ilaçların da tedavide etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Son yıllarda monoklonal antikorların tedavide kullanımının yanı sıra profilakside de etkili olabileceği bildirilmektedir. Yeni teknolojilerle hazırlanan DNA aşılarının primatların dışında insanlarda da yüksek nötralizan antikor cevabı oluşturarak oldukça etkili olabildiği görülmüştür. Aşılarla ilgili en önemli gelecek beklentisi tüm subtiplere karşı etkili olan aşının geliştirilmesidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hantavirüs enfeksiyonları, favipiravir, icatibant, tedavi bilimi, önleme ve kontrol
Kaynakça
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