Öz
Çok ilaca dirençli organizmaların/bakterilerin (MDRO), genellikle yüksek fiyatlı olan yeni antibiyotiklere erişimin kısıtlı olduğu, kaynak sıkıntısı yaşanan özellikle Afrika gibi bölgelerdeki sağlık üzerine olan önemli etkileri ele alınmamış veya sadece sınırlı ilgi görebilmiştir. Çok ilaca dirençli organizma enfeksiyonları, kötü klinik sonuçlar ve uzun hastanede kalma süresi ile ilişkilidir. MDRO’ların evrilmesi ve yayılması, antimikrobiyal ajanların hem tarımda hem de tıp alanında gelişigüzel kullanılmasıyla oluşan seçici baskı, reçete yazma becerisi ve eğitiminin eksikliği, hızlı ve güvenilir tanı araçlarına erişimin olmayışı, suboptimal sürveyans gibi faktörler kadar, önleyici yaklaşımların iyi uygulanmaması ve bu ilkelere bağlı kalınmamasından da etkilenir. Raporlar her ne kadar genellikle kan, idrar yolu, karın, deri ve yumuşak doku enfeksiyonlarına neden olan Enterobacteriaceae ailesi üyeleri de dahil olmak üzere MDRO’ların görülmesinde artış bildirmektedir. Buna karşı Afrika’da antimikrobiyal direncin etkisinin derecesinin kavranmasının önüne geçmeye devam eden esas faktörler ciddi veri eksikliği ve yetersiz bildirimdir. Bu derlemede, bu boşluğu, kıta genelinde MDRO’ların epidemiyolojisine dair, prevalansları hakkında veriler ve mevcut tanı ve önleme yöntemleri de dahil olmak üzere, güncel verilerle doldurmayı amaçladık.
Anahtar Kelimeler: ESKAPE, extremely drug-resistant, antibiyotik direnç, bakteri, enfeksiyon kontrolü
Kaynakça
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